Diabetes Mellitus Type 1, Type 2, And Gestational Diabetes

Introduction Diabetes Mellitus, also known commonly as diabetes, is a chronic condition in which the body doesn’t produce or misuses insulin in the body. There are different classifications of diabetes: Type 1, Type 2, and gestational diabetes. Type 1 is when the body does not produce any insulin. It is usually diagnosed in children and young adults. Type 2 is when the body doesn’t use insulin properly and can develop in anyone and seen at any age. Both types require strict management which can range from medications to diet. If it’s not managed correctly, it can lead to a diabetic coma or even death (Diabetes Basics, n.d.). Definition of the disease According to the American Diabetes Association, Type 2 diabetes is insulin resistant, or your body does not use insulin properly (Facts About Type 2, 2014). The body’s pancreas over produces insulin to make up for the misusage of it but overtime pancreas over works and can’t keep up with regulating normal blood glucose levels. History of the Disease Diabetes mellitus was first discovered in 1910 by Sir Edward Albert Sharper-Schafer after studying the pancreas. In 1949, insulin is discovered to help in the transporting process of glucose into the cells and in the same year the insulin syringe is designed and approved. A year later, the American Dietetic Association and the U.S. Public Health Service develop a meal planner and food exchanges. Type 2 diabetes isn’t recognize until 1959 when two doctors realize the someShow MoreRelatedDiabetes Mellitus : A Lifelong Disease935 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes mellitus is a lifelong disease that lessens the body’s ability to use energy found in food. There are three major types of diabetes including type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. People with diabetes cannot break down the sugars and carbohydrates found in food. The main type of sugar the body uses for energy is glucose; Glucose is the special sugar that fuels the cells in your body. The se cells also need insulin, which is a hormone that uses glucose to turn into energy for cells. WithRead MoreWomen s Prevalence Of Diabetes1487 Words   |  6 Pagesprevalence of diabetes is 3 to 5 times higher in First Nations than in the general population† (Introduction section, para. 1). Gestational diabetes mellitus is just one of the many types of diabetes Aboriginal people are faced with. It is a type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy; when your body is unable to produce an adequate amount of insulin to cope with fluctuating hormones and a growing baby (Harris, Bhattacharyya, Dyck, Hayward, Toth, 2013). Although gestational diabetes mellitus (GMD)Read MoreTaking a Look at Diabetes636 Words   |  3 PagesDiabetes is a disease that affects millions of people around the world. Diabetes has become a rapidly growing issue that has drawn concern from both doctors and patients alike. Around 25 million people in the United States have diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes. Also around 80 million people have pre-diabetes mellitus. There are almost two million people who are diagnosed with diabetes each year. If diabetes rates don’t soon begin to drop, an estimated one in every three adults will haveRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus As A Disability1555 Words   |  7 PagesThe amount of patients being diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus has sky-rocketed these past few years. ‘†In 2010 the figures were 25.8 million and 8.3%†Ã¢â‚¬  and has increased in ‘†2012 to 29.1 million Americans, or 9.3%.†(American Diabetes Association, 2014); it is seen nationwide, and has now even begun to affect our youth. In South Texas Diabetes Mellitus seems to be the number one thriving disease affecting its general population. Diabetes Mellitus is now one of the most widely known diseases thatRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Gestational Diabetes1325 Words   |  6 PagesGestational diabetes is a glucose intolerance that devel ops during pregnancy. Early diagnosis and effective treatment are important because gestational diabetes can cause serious maternal and fetal complications. Diet and exercise are the first line treatment options of gestational diabetes, while insulin therapy is the first line medical treatment option. Nurses’ play an important role in education and support of gestational diabetes because they provide day-to-day care for their patients. In thisRead MoreThe Chronic Illness Of Diabetes Mellitus1164 Words   |  5 Pagespeace of mind, emotional health, and family dynamics. Diabetes Mellitus is the chronic disease I chose to focus on due to the personal nature in my family, the high prevalence among Hispanics like myself, and for the large arena of educational improvements that can be made. I believe that increasing education and awareness among the high risk population can bring great strides in prevention and compliant treatment. Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus is the chronic illness that I have chosen due toRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : A Disease1369 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes Mellitus Diabetes is a disease that afflicts approximately 29.1 million American people and is ranked as the 7th leading cause of death in America (â€Å"Statistics About Diabetes†). Thus, understanding and studying this disease has the potential to help better many lives. A patient living with diabetes, or a parent of a child with diabetes all benefit from understanding and learning how to live with this disease, what risk factors to look for and how to adjust life style choices to help preventRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : The Leading Chronic Disease1102 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading chronic diseases that can cause high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia due to a lack of insulin, insulin resistance, or both. The four main types of diabetes mellitus include type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, and other specific types (Darby, 2015, 824). A high rate of periodontal disease has been reported with type 1 and 2 diabetesRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus And Type 2 Diabetes Essay1301 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes mellitus, known as â€Å"diabetes† is a grouping of metabolic diseases that present, over a long period of time, levels of high blood sugar. There are two main forms of diabetes: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. In addition to these two, there is also what is called Gestational Diabetes. In all cases, insulin is somehow not doing its job: Insulin is a hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreas, and is needed to allow glucose to enter the cells and produce energy. IfRead MoreThe Disease Known as Diabetes1089 Words   |  4 Pages 8.3 percent of Americans have a disease called diabetes mellitus, also known as diabetes. It is characterized by high blood sugar, brought on either because the pancreas is not producing enough of a hormone called insulin, which helps remove glucose from the blood, or because the cells are unresponsive to the insulin that is being produced. Three symptoms that result from this high blood sugar are polyuria, or frequent urination, polydipsia, or increased thirst, and polyphagia, or increased appetite

Defining Addiction Essay - 579 Words

This essay will examine how Addiction is defined, and why or if it is recognized as a disease. Reports and critiques of addiction will be examined and from these this essay will endeavour to look at both sides of the findings. The definition from the Oxford dictionary describes addiction as a condition of being habitually or compulsively occupied with or or involved in something. Addiction itself can be defined as unmanageable, compulsive and an act that is carried out even when it threatens their health and wellbeing or the potential harmful social consequences it could pose. The word addict carries with it a negative stigma that is born from the perception of society. Perceptions that addicts are uncaring, unreliable and unstable do†¦show more content†¦The greater risk of addiction comes from those individuals who enjoy the experience on a higher level and this can be their downfall. Being a social user or regular user of alcohol or drugs unfortunately has little between them and could end up as an addiction. Being a social user means that the individual can control what they take and limit the amounts taken. However, the regular user starts of as a social user then slowly progresses to a more regular basis which then can start to interefere with their home life not just social circumstances. The final point is when the user loses all control of their consumption and can no longer control the decisions on how much they should be consuming. This is when they are now approaching the point of becoming an addict. After the user passes this point in regards to their addiction their main concern will be focusing on themselves. Their life will be revolving primarily on how they can get their next fix, and looking at ways and means to do this. Addiction is no different whether you are a drug addict or an alcoholic. So how and why does an individual become an addict? When considering addiction as a disease it is implying that there are biological factors involved and not just influenced by the social factors that surround the addict. When analysising the brain of a non addict it is different from thatShow MoreRelatedIs Internet Addiction Disorder? Essay1483 Words   |  6 Pages Internet addiction disorder, more commonly called problematic Internet use, refers to excessive computer use which interferes with daily life. Internet overuse, problematic computer use, or pathological computer use, problematic Internet use, or Internet addiction disorder. In the most recent version of the DSM-5, Internet Gaming Disorder is the latest term to describe this problem. History IAD was originally proposed as a disorder in a satirical hoax by Ivan Goldberg, M.D., in 1995, althoughRead MoreGambling Disorder And Its Effects On Society860 Words   |  4 Pagesrepeated exposure to toxic chemicals as well as the experience of the physiological mechanisms of tolerance and withdrawal. As gambling disorder is a behavioral addiction, toxic chemicals and their effect on tolerance and withdrawal do not really apply. Gambling disorder is the first disorder to be included as a non-substance behavioral addiction in the DSM-5. Since 1980, pathological gambling, now called gambling disorder, has been included in the DSM, though it was previously classified as an â€Å"ImpulseRead MoreAddiction Relapse : Prevention, Causes, And Recovering When It Occurs850 Words   |  4 Pages Addiction Relapse: Prevention, Causes, and Recovering when it occurs Ashley Kotowski Wayne State University CED 6720 Addiction Relapse: Prevention, Causes, and Recovering when it occurs Defining relapse can be difficult. Often times, different disciplines define it by differing characteristics. Brandon, Vidrine, Litvin (2007) used a definition for behavioral researchers from Hunt et al., 1971 because it still rings true today. Behavioralist often define relapse as returningRead MoreInternet Addiction And Digital Dependency Among Young New Zealand Adults Essay1519 Words   |  7 Pagesis a new form of addiction impacting societies from all around the world. This addiction is internet addiction or digital dependency which poses the question: Is there any neurological research to confirm there is a digital dependency among young New Zealand adult? An analysis of literature relating to the keywords of the proposed question will be discussed according to reoccurring themes identified. The themes include defining what internet addiction is, diagnosing the addiction, neurological effectsRead MoreThe, Where Am Calling From `` And What We Talk About Love1256 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican authors of short stories. Carver was born in the state of Oregon on May 25, 1938. In an interview Carver recalled himself as a boy telling stories. At a time in Carver’s life he suffered from alcoholism and tried very hard to let go of his addiction. However, alcohol plays a contradictory role in Raymond Carver’s short stories. The characters use alcohol to form social bonds, as a social lubricant which allows them to interact with other characters and also the apprehension of death experiencedRead MoreShould Internet Gambling Be Illegal?1191 Words   |  5 Pagesgambling. Companies such as FanDuel and DraftKings argue that is not gambling because it requires skill, not chance. However, the quick and easy payout possibilities easily lead to addiction and the desire to seek the â€Å"reward† again, which is a defining characteristic of gambling (Sack). People still receive treatment for addiction to FanDuel and DraftKings because it is classifi ed as gambling in the human mind (Sack). Gambling is a loss of money to the states and the people which can lead to essentialRead MoreInternet Addiction3219 Words   |  13 PagesTable Of Contents * The Introduction * WHAT IS INTERNET ADDICTION? * WHY DO PEOPLE ADDICT TO THE INTERNET? * WHO CAN BECOME ADDICTED TO THE INTERNET? * VIOLENCE IN ONLINE GAME * WHAT ARE INTERNET ADDICTION WARNING SIGNS? * THE PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH INTERNET ADDICTION * WHAT ARE THE SOLUTIONS? * TIPS FOR PARENTS AND CARERS * Conclusion * References The Introduction The Internet is the largest source of information in the world today. WithRead MoreThe Dangers Of Adult Children Of Alcoholics1772 Words   |  8 Pagestime prevented the children from expressing their emotions, and from learning healthy coping skills in an alcoholic environment. It would also affect the parent interacting with their children. Let start by defining addiction according to the dictionary the definition of addiction is the fact or condition of being addicted to a particular substance, thing, or activity. Some people think that alcoholic is a genetic and other think it is the environment. The research will discuss both side ofRead MoreFinal Project Proposal Draft On Opiate Use Disorder2479 Words   |  10 Pagesconversation about the pain level may increase sobriety. It provides them accountability in a safe place with a provider they trust. Methods of Research Method of finding the studies reviewed began by using CINAHL database with keywords opiate addiction and Subutex treatment and alternative therapy. The search was expanded to include the keywords learned helplessness and substance abuse. The results were not strongly related to opiate abuse and learned helplessness. I continue to work to find researchRead MoreCauses and Effects of Internet Addiction Among Students10456 Words   |  42 PagesInternational Journal of Economic Sciences and Applied Research 3 (1): 49-74 Internet Addiction among Greek University Students: Demographic Associations with the Phenomenon, using the Greek version of Young’s Internet Addiction Test Christos C. Frangos1, Constantinos C. Frangos2 and Apostolos P. Kiohos3 Abstract Internet addiction (IA) is a new disorder described in 1996 by the psychologist Kimberly Young. The aim of this paper is to estimate the percentage of IA among Greek university students

Point of No Return free essay sample

However, eventually the colonies and Great Britain reached a standoff, a point of no return that forever created an icy, tense relationship between the two. A point of no return is crucial to any relationship because it is the point in time where no matter what, the past cannot be made up for. The mistakes either side made will cost them, and the relationship will never be the same again. For Britain and her colonies, the point of no return was The Coercive Acts issued in 1774.The point of no return in colonial-British relations between 1760 and 1 776 was the Coercive Acts or as many colonists knew it, the Intolerable Acts. As the title Intolerable Acts suggest the colonists thought this law was unbearable because of the four major points it stated. The first of the four important acts was the Boston Port Bill enacted on April 1st, 1774. This declared that the British Navy shut down Boston harbor unless the town agreed to reimburse Great Britain for the tea that was ruined during the Boston Tea party. We will write a custom essay sample on Point of No Return or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The second Coercive Act was the Governmental Act which restructured the government to make it less democratic. This was done by having the Massachusetts upper house appointed by the crown; governor had total control over judges and sheriffs, and lastly it restricted communities to only one town meeting a year. The second to last Coercive Act was the Administration of Justice Act stating that any British soldier accused of murder in Massachusetts would go to trial in England or another colony.The last Intolerable Act was the New Quartering Act constituting that Boston soldiers can stay in private owned homes, and that they must be provided for while staying in a residents home. The last two Coercive Acts were viewed as Britain trying to impose military despotism on the colonies. I believe that these Acts were the point of no return in the colonial-British relationship because it pushed colonists to the brink of revolt; additionally colonists cleared that the revoking of these laws was their nonnegotiable, most important demand.Furthermore, in the Declaration of Independence, later created by the Founding Fathers in 1776, six of the twenty-seven reasons for justifying a schism with Britain had to do with the Intolerable Acts. Another reason why the Intolerable Acts were the point of no retu rn is due to the difference in the importance of the events before and after these acts were passed. Before April 1st, 1774, the significant events in the relationship between Britain and her property was the Writs Of Assistance (1760), Sugar Act (1764), stamp Act (1 765), Quarter-MGM Act (1766), Townsend Act (1767), and the Tea Act (1773). Most of these events were met with written, non violent, complaints such as Patrick Henrys letter of protest, the statement of No Taxation without Representation, John Dickinson Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania, Samuel Adams goal of a Committee of Correspondence, or the Boston Tea Party (where no one was injured or killed). However, after the Coercive Acts, events like the First Continental Congress were far different than the events before the Intolerable Acts. For example, the First Continental Congress on September 5th, 1774 inPhiladelphia led to defensive measures being taken, and the colonies were officially going under passive rebellion. In addition, fighting began at Lexington and Concord shortly after the Coercive Acts as many British and Minutemen (local colonial militia) were killed. Lastly, the Declaration of Independence set the foundation for the freedom of our nation. Because of the fact that before the Intolerable Acts most problems were met with written pacifist complaints and after, war was being prepared for or carried out, shows me that the Intolerable Acts were the point of no return.The place in time where the past can never be forgotten, or the point of no return, is equivalent to the declaring of the Coercive Acts when it comes to colonial-British relations. These Coercive Acts pushed the colonists to the edge of an uprising against their British mother, and eventually helped push them over the edge and lead to war. This can be proven by the disparity of violence in response to acts before and after the Intolerable Acts, by the colonists stating that the repeal of these acts was nonnegotiable, and the importance of these acts stated in the Declaration of Independence.

Sociology in a Global Perspective Essay Example

Sociology in a Global Perspective Paper Multiculturalism In the united States Sociology in a Global Perspective Multiculturalism In the United States Introduction Multiculturalism refers to the conservancy of diverse values or ethnic identities in an amalgamated society as a nation. It is a view that different cultures in the society deserve equal treatment and intellectual concern. Multiculturalism became a dominant force in the US between 1970 1980 when different cultures explored their self-identities. Is the United States of America a multicultural country? Why or why not? Multiculturalism In the united States exists but It Is not reflected clearly In he federal level. Most of its features manifests strongly in the rural and urban areas. This is because of the existence of numerous immigrants who have made their way to the united States. Over years, the legal immigrants have been encouraged bounded on the existing laws. The laws set limits which permit the assimilation of the new immigrants. In the absence of such laws, the society will most likely fracture causing desalination of the Nation. The Immigrants who made their way to America several years ago had the desire to be Americans. Over years. The immigrants have disguised themselves with unique goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociology in a Global Perspective specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sociology in a Global Perspective specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sociology in a Global Perspective specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Why multiculturalism is a controversial issue for some people Multiculturalism is one of the most controversial issues in the US today. For instance, in the education sector a controversy arose between 2009 and 2010 in Texas when the curriculum committee was making changes to the curriculum. The changes were made at the expense of the minority populations. The move Juxtaposed Lincoln and Jefferson Inaugural address on a rejection of calls to Incorporate more Hispanic personalities regardless of their high population (Symposium on American Studies in the Asia-Pacific Region et al. 1996). Multiculturalism a controversial issue in the United States because it has become a threat to liberalism, an ideology, that is meant to provide solutions to ethnic diversities in the United States. It is important to note that Multiculturalism have for many years threatened unity In the united States because of the human rights castles that have continually proved to cause disunity among different cultures. The greatest challenge in dealing with Multiculturalism is the existence of different cultures which continue to insist on ethnicity as an important tool in shaping political ligaments and interests. Those In support of Multiculturalism insist that by allowing free membership in the societal culture with unique identities, language and history, pride and self-realization would be achieved. Some controversial ideas suggest the need to multiculturalism because of the feeling that liberalism alone offer insufficient protection AT Uninominal call Tireless wanly consequently teenager ten excellence AT minority cultures. In addition, it inhibits the ability of individuals within the minority groups to make decisions that are good for their survival as a community. Furthermore, the small cultures feel that multiculturalism will provide them with special recognition and rights that will help them overcome assimilation forces which will wipe out their identities and well-being individuals derive from being members of a cultural group (Schmidt, 1997). One of the most controversial issues surrounding multiculturalism is the attempt of the new immigrants bringing in new cultures and ways into the US. Social functionalism and multiculturalism Functionalism contends that a culture functions based on systems that work as an entity. The Functionalist model defines a society as unwavering and labels the several lolls which maintain societal stability. Functionalism is based on social structures that are responsible for solidity as well as instability. It further asserts that a country social structure continuously attempt to uphold social equilibrium among all members of the society. It is important to note that a firm society is the most fundamental above all upon which all elements that support and maintain stability should incorporate in the functionality aspect. It is a macro-level archetype which describes extensive processes and enormous- scale of social systems; it does not depend on the individual behaviors. Social conflict and multiculturalism Conflict theories assert that the class arrangements define a society where groups compete for resources. Such resources are mostly held by capitalists. The Conflict paradigm explains racism, ageism, social economic inequality and sexism in a manner which can best be comprehended (Soviet Rumbled, 2000). Conflict is principally concerned with inequalities which exist based on the numerous aspects of dominant eminence of race or ethnicity, ageism, femininity, stage of development, belief, capability or incapacity, and social-economic status. The colonization aspect is nerve-racking which forces us to contend to the standards and customs of the society (Rubin, 2009). Symbolic interaction and multiculturalism Symbolic Integrations perceive the world as a collection of relationships and in what way larger matters affect individuals. Conflicts are part and parcel of the social function. They interrelate through shifting patterns in the social functions within the paradigms (Ritz et al. , 2009). In addition, Symbolic Interactions define a society as a composition of trivial groups of entities interrelating on the basis of numerous aspects that people understand their innumerable cultural ciphers, for instance, spoken communication, written language, and non-verbal dialect. Every interaction among people in a society comes as a result of shared understanding of the various cultural symbols. Since social construction is idiosyncratic in nature, disparity is also idiosyncratic which means it is based on individual interpretation. Conclusion In summary, Multiculturalism is an aspect that relates various communities composed of a wide myriad of cultures. Such interactions provide opportunities where cultural differences unearth leading to multiculturalism. Multiculturalism perspective recognizes cultural variety in the United States stimulating identical standing and respect for various cultural traditions and practices (Bunker Ratter, 2005).

Definition and Examples of a Molecule

Definition and Examples of a Molecule The terms molecule, compound, and atom can be confusing! Heres an explanation of what a molecule is (and is not) with some examples of common molecules. Molecules form when two or more atoms form chemical bonds with each other. It doesnt matter if the atoms are the same or are different from each other. Examples of Molecules Molecules may be simple or complex. Here are examples of common molecules: H2O (water)N2 (nitrogen)O3 (ozone)CaO (calcium oxide)C6H12O6 (glucose, a type of sugar)NaCl (table salt) Molecules Versus Compounds Molecules made up of two or more elements are called compounds. Water, calcium oxide, and glucose are molecules that compound. All compounds are molecules; not all molecules are compounds. What Is Not a Molecule? Single atoms of elements are not molecules. A single oxygen, O, is not a molecule. When oxygen bonds to itself (e.g., O2, O3) or to another element (e.g., carbon dioxide or CO2), molecules are formed. Learn more: Types of Chemical BondsList of Diatomic Molecules

Dissertation Thesis

Dissertation Thesis Dissertation Thesis Dissertation Thesis Tips To start speaking about creating a dissertation thesis, it is necessary to make clear what a thesis is. Within the past few years the term thesis has acquired an additional meaning. Now the third meaning of this word is document, dissertation. But in this paper we shall speak about a thesis as a conjecture, an essential part of any dissertation. Well, a thesis is a conjecture, which must be supported by evidence a dissertation writer collects. Therefore, a dissertation is a lengthy piece of writing that argues to defend a particular dissertation thesis. The research, conducted by a dissertation writer to support a thesis, must be original and substantial. A dissertation is created not only to show a writers ability to gather, synthesize ad analyze evidence, but also to demonstrate his original contribution to a particular field. The scientific method of research means that a dissertation writer starts with a conjecture, and after that provides evidence w hich supports or denies it. So before writing a dissertation to defend a dissertation thesis, it is necessary to collect evidence, supporting this thesis. Students face with unexpected difficulties, as it appears that the most difficult aspect of dissertation is not creating a dissertation thesis and collecting evidence, but organizing them into a coherent form. Writing a dissertation, it is important to keep in the forefront of ones mind that any argument is being constructed to defend a dissertation thesis. It is important to think about the main dissertation idea as you write, is this way you will be protected from danger of writing useless pages, which are away from the main path. Every paragraph you write should be about the central argument, giving additional evidence, synthesis of evaluation of evidence, related to your dissertation thesis. While you write, remember that every statement of your dissertation must be supported by original work or by a reference to a particul ar published paper. Avoid a mere reproducing of the material you found, you should use the results of a scientists work as a fact and refer the reader of your dissertation to the source. Moreover, keep in mind that your dissertation must be written according to the rules of formal grammar. Well, we hope that the stated above tips will be useful for you, and now the nature of dissertation thesis is clear. So, maybe it is high time to start looking for a topic that will interest you particularly.

The Business of tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Business of tourism - Essay Example Obviously, the unaffordable travel cost in developed countries and all other impacts of economic recession on them have compelled people to choose India especially Kerala as one of the best tourist destinations. In addition to the unforgettable travel experience in this state of rich and dynamic culture, Kerala offers comparatively low-cost travel, cheap rate hotel pay and a variety of tour packages. It has become a choice for many western people to stay for the whole vacation in order to escape from the unbearable living expenses of their own home land. Besides the above mentioned features, as an emerging trend, medical tourism industry has become a fastest growing segment of the Kerala tourism. As the recent global financial crisis hit largely on European Countries, Asian countries have been highly benefited from medical tourism industry. The high cost of treatment in home countries has been pushing people to this region as alternative cost-effective destinations; and the trend has remarkably increased during recession. Majority of the patients in this category come from the countries like the United States and UK. Kerala enjoys its own remarkable share in medical tourism by providing its ancient system of medicine Aurveda. This herbal medication and technique of body massage known as ‘Panchakarma’ gained international admiration especially during the last decade. Traveling or staying in Kerala during recession would be an excellent idea to gain money and materials. As compared to other regions, living cost in Kerala is rather affordable. Moreover, recently there has been a notable fall in room rent and hotel bills since the economic downturn. (Iyengar P., 2008 p.59). Mumbai terror attack (2008) also affected Kerala tourism/hotel industry as there is only 1000 km distance between these two regions. (PRlog). Suppose in the United States, a room rent cost $10 for a day, it must

Leading and Managing in Early Years Settings Assignment

Leading and Managing in Early Years Settings - Assignment Example In this case, through effective education, the leaders have a direct impact on the general quality of the setting. All practitioners working with the young children have a responsibility of developing the communication skills for the children. Whether the practitioners work pre-school setting, in the playgroup or with the toddlers, they have a key role in ensuring that they develop the children to their full potential. Besides, effective learning affects feelings and behavior of the children and, therefore it is vital in the early years setting to ensure friendly communication. The leaders and managers ensure quality practices of the setting by putting in place an example regarding how the staff interacts with the children they teach and care for. The interaction between the staffs and the children that they teach helps in securing high-quality teaching and learning. Children and staff are in the most effective early years setting with an inclusive, warm and trusting relationship. Be sides, the emotional well-being and development of the children are also other vital ingredients in the setting. According to Rodd, effective learning strategies in the early year setting helps in the identification of the communication difficulties that exist between various children. Investigations have showed that most of the students that are prone to these difficulties are those that start schools with delayed skills in language because of lack of responsive parenting.

Significant Health Care Event Paper Essay Example for Free

Significant Health Care Event Paper Essay Abstract This paper will attempt to discuss events that has changed or affected health care of today. Over the years health care has been influenced by numerous events throughout the United States history. Some events have contributed to the shaping and improvement of the American people’s health care needs. This influence includes society, culture, finance, religion, politics, technology, health trends, the environment, and population (Shi Singh, 2012, p. 9). These influences has contribute to the United States health care evolution that has and continues to impact and access the health care of the American people long with his or her personal values and beliefs. Significant Event’s In the recent years there has been more and more litigation over health care. In today’s society advertisements a springing up all over the place for litigations against health care professionals, health care facilities and pharmacuetal companies. These advertisements are being placed on the television, on the radio, over the internet, on billboards and public transportation. Lawyers are now specializing in significant health care conditions or diseases. This in itself has placed a huge burden on the health care profession and facilities. Some health care facilities have ended up shutting its doors because of the financial burdens of payments, malpractice premiums, and other financial burdens associated with additional procedures to avoid litigation (Satiani, 2004). Health care facilities and  professionals are spending billions of dollars on defensive medicine (Satiani, 2004). These health care dollars are needed elsewhere to improve health care practices such as implementing preventative care, research, and insuring the uninsured. Another effect on the health care is the Patient Protected and Affordable Care Act. The protection and affordable Care act was established to ensure that all Americans have access the quality and affordable health care. The Patient Protected and Affordable Act will help create a healthier health system by contain cost. President Obama has placed a limit of $900 billion to cover the cost of the Patient Protected and Affordable Care Act. This $900 billion will cover 94 percent of Americans according to The Congressional Budget Office making the Patient Protection and Affordable Act completely funded. During the next ten years and beyond the Patient Protection and Affordable act will help to curve the high cost of health care and reduce our state deficit (Responsible Reform for the Middle Class, n.d). Impact on the Historical of Health Care These two events have both a negative and positive impact on health care. The litigations can distract the ability of the American people to receive the adequate health care when needed. Financial facilities and professional are unable to give his or her consumers the consistent level of quality and be cost-effective (Shi Singh, 2012, p. 5). The Patient Protection and Affordable Act give the patient guarantee passage way to quality affordable health care, Improving the quality and efficiency of health care, prevention of chronic disease and improving public health, and improving access to innovative medical therapies (Responsible Reform for the Middle Class, n.d). Excessive litigations lead to the limitation of services that are provided by the health care facilities and professionals. Litigations increase the cost of services, it reduces accessible to facilities, and decreases trained staff. Out of fear health care providers and facilities either increases or decreases unnecessary and necessary procedures because of the high risk for litigation which takes the primary focus off the patient (Catino, 2009). The result of excessive litigation may be stagnation; the system is unable to grow because of the high costs for provision on care and the inability of everyone to receive consistent care. The positive effect of health care litigation occurs because it places a value or consequence on the effect of malpractice. Health care facilities and professional work to develop policies and practices that reduce the harm done to the patient partially because of the cost associated with neglecting to do so. Health care litigation can be a source of help for families who are affected by malpractice, especially if needed to provide further care for those affected. The problem with health care litigation lies, not with those with genuine cases, but with those who attempt to use the system to file false claims for profit. People do not realize that the cost of legal fees is offset by passing the cost to the patient. Unfortunately, most of the money gained during the litigation process does not always go toward the patient/s filing the litigation; according to Satiani (2004), an estimated 57% goes to the attorney and 43% to the patient. Personal Belief on Event’s Significance I believe that excessive litigation is a significant event in health care. It affects many aspects of care and reduces the ability of patients to access the care needed. If people continue to abuse the legal system by filing false claims we will continue to see a rise in the cost of health care. The United States health care system and the citizens must create a culture of honesty. The health care system must provide adequate, timely care to citizens, and citizens avoid false prosecution for personal gain. Conclusion Excessive litigation is an emerging trend in health care. Litigation was intended as a route for citizens to receive compensation for injuries related to malpractice, but is becoming a way of life for the legal system. Lawyers and law offices specialize in health care litigation and most Americans see or hear at least one advertisement for litigation per day. The cost of litigation on the health care system is high and unfortunately the people who pay the cost are the citizens because health care facilities, private practitioners, and insurance companies offset the cost by redirecting it on the patients. The cost of excessive litigation may be too high for citizens to pay. References Catino, M. (2009). Blame culture and defensive medicine. Cognition, Technology, Work, 11(4), 245-253. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10111-009-0130-y Catino, M. (2009). Blame Culture and Defensive Medicine. Cognition, Technology, Work, 11(4). 245-253. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10111-009-0130-y Satiani, B. (2004). The economics of health care litigation. Vascular and Endovascular Surgery.38(3).287-90. doi: 15385744 Shi, L., Singh, D.A. (2012). Delivering Health Care in America: A systems approach (5th ed.).Boston, MA: Jones Barlet. Responsible Reform for the Middle Class. (n.d). Retrieved from http://www.dpc.senate.gov/healthreformbill/healthbill04.pdf

The Methods of Iago in Shakespeares Othello :: Othello essays

The Methods of Iago in Othello Through out the play of Othello Iago used many techniques to get what he wanted and one way or another he some how all most always got what he wanted. His techniques were that of an everyday sneaky, conniving bad guy, who always got people to trust him, except the person that was closest to him. But the main overall techniques he used were; 1)He gained the trust of people. Which was the number one technique, and from gaining their trust he could branch off form that and then he could manipulate the people he was playing into thinking that he was on their side even when he might be on the opposite side. Another thing that he could do to people was to, from gaining their trust and making then think that he was on their side he could manipulate them and make them turn on each other. The other technique that he used which didn't nearly play a role as large as the first technique but was important was he was always very careful, in being discovered and by covering his tracks. He knew how to take care of things in precarious situation. There was in my own personal opinion one more technique, and that was that he knew how to use all his options and could use his wits and cunningness. Iago's number one technique was his ability to make people trust him. He had just about everyone spun in Iago's web. Rodrigo, Othello, Cassio, Desdemona, Emilia, and etc. And he got every one of them to trust him, although he still hadn't got Emilia into his web fully. She still had suspicions about him. He could gain the trust of people as if it was nothing to him. He always when talking to that certain person said that he was on their side, making a false trust that the person believed, and therefore trusted him. Now most of the people he did this to it worked on. Such as Cassio calling him "Honest Iago" and when Cassio got in that fight with Rodrigo, he believed that Iago was the only good, honest man on his side, even though he was the one who set him up. The Methods of Iago in Shakespeare's Othello :: Othello essays The Methods of Iago in Othello Through out the play of Othello Iago used many techniques to get what he wanted and one way or another he some how all most always got what he wanted. His techniques were that of an everyday sneaky, conniving bad guy, who always got people to trust him, except the person that was closest to him. But the main overall techniques he used were; 1)He gained the trust of people. Which was the number one technique, and from gaining their trust he could branch off form that and then he could manipulate the people he was playing into thinking that he was on their side even when he might be on the opposite side. Another thing that he could do to people was to, from gaining their trust and making then think that he was on their side he could manipulate them and make them turn on each other. The other technique that he used which didn't nearly play a role as large as the first technique but was important was he was always very careful, in being discovered and by covering his tracks. He knew how to take care of things in precarious situation. There was in my own personal opinion one more technique, and that was that he knew how to use all his options and could use his wits and cunningness. Iago's number one technique was his ability to make people trust him. He had just about everyone spun in Iago's web. Rodrigo, Othello, Cassio, Desdemona, Emilia, and etc. And he got every one of them to trust him, although he still hadn't got Emilia into his web fully. She still had suspicions about him. He could gain the trust of people as if it was nothing to him. He always when talking to that certain person said that he was on their side, making a false trust that the person believed, and therefore trusted him. Now most of the people he did this to it worked on. Such as Cassio calling him "Honest Iago" and when Cassio got in that fight with Rodrigo, he believed that Iago was the only good, honest man on his side, even though he was the one who set him up.

Performance Appraisal Research Proposal Essays and Term Papers

The Impact of Workplace Absenteeism on Organizational Performance Introduction Many organizations recognized the employees’ performances. Performances expected coming from the employees are affected by their participation and being present in their roles and responsibilities. However, manages are forced to find an ideal remedy in the habitual tardiness or absenteeism of the employees. This is because, the organizations realized an unprofitable investment if there is any unscheduled absents.Furthermore, there is a reduction of the total productivity of the manpower that might affect the entire operation of the business. Background of study Absenteeism is the result of the different employee behaviors. Most of the workers are experiencing high stress or improperly compensated that reflects in their absences (McLaughlin Young Group, 2007). Statement of the problem The cost of absenteeism is greater when lost productivity, temporary labor and dissatisfied customers are considered. Almost all the employees have their absences more than five times per year and are coming from different sectors (McLean, 2005). The growing numbers of employees having the same problems on attendance will manifests in their ability to contribute in the total growth of their own career and in the organization. Leaders believe that if they did not create a significant solution to this problem, more and more employees will do the same as it is became part of theorganizational culture. However, what are the real-life impacts of workplace absenteeism on the organizational performance?Literature Review Absenteeism occurs when the employees are not present at work when they are scheduled to be there. It can be divided into voluntary or involuntary absenteeism. Involuntary absence is viewed to be beyond the employee’s immediate control; legitimate reasons like personal illness, accidents or family emergencies. Voluntary absence is under the direct control of the employee which can o ften be traced back to other factors such as a poor work environment, job dissatisfaction and other issues.If such absences become excessive, they can have a seriously adverse impact on a company’s operations and, ultimately, its profitability (Pillay, 2009). From the previous surveys, the experts discovered that absenteeism results most often from health and personal reasons, but the fact is that only about a third of absences are caused by personal illness. The survey shows that more than half of unscheduled absences are justified by family issues, personal needs, stress and an entitlement mentality (McLean, 2005).If all of the reasons in the absences of the employees are on thehealth issues, therefore, the absenteeism can be linked in the stress they gathered in the workplace. The occupational stress is one of the most significant workplace health hazards. The prolonged exposure of an employee to certainjob demands can lead to a variety of pathological outcomes that can be both short- and long-term effects on their emotional health such as emotional distress, depression and anxiety. Other employees might experience the various difficulties in family, financial, or physical health.All of the work-related stresses or problems that the employees can experience might result in their attendance. The negative effects of the increase in employee absence are their poor performances (McLaughlin Young Group, 2007). Objectives of the study The aim of the study is to identify the existence of absenteeism that can draw a link towards its impact on the organization and the employee’s performance. In order to achieve this aim, there are three objectives that should be considered.First is to identify the cause of the workplace absenteeism. Second is to find out the common type of workplace absenteeism. Third is to evaluate the costs that inherent in the workplace absenteeism and how they impact on the organizational performance. And fourth is to establish the mechanism for curbing the workplace absenteeism. Methodology The suggested method that can be use in the study is the use of survey and interview. In the first phase of the study, the survey will be conducted on the employees through the use of questionnaires.The material is in a Likert Scale form in which gives the details to the researcher/s on the perception of the employees on absenteeism and their behavior in their attendances. On the second part of the study, the interview will be conducted on the managers and/or supervisors, and even the HR manager, who can assess the behavior of the employees in their attendance and performance. Through the interview, the researcher/s can analyze the appropriate actions for the employees who are creating the trends of absenteeism and recognize the effectiveness of their mechanism to reduce the absenteeism in their workplace.

Banning Junk Food Advertising Essay

In my opinion, a ban against junk food advertising shouldn’t be a way to prevent childhood obesity because it is not a solution to have healthier lifestyle. Firstly, ban junk food advertising will not get a real and definitive change in the eating habits of children. Rather than a solution it is a great challenge that couldn’t be achieved by means of laws that only focuses on things children shouldn’t be eating, instead of focusing on promoting healthy tips. Also, ban junk food advertising is not related to worry about the health of children, and we shouldn’t always support in laws or bans to be aware and more responsible with the choices in care health of our kids. Everything children eat is only our decision and imposing a ban ignores completely the importance of our personal responsibility like parents. As adults, we make personal choices about the diet, exercise, eating habits, and lifestyle of children, so the prevention of childhood obesity has more personal influence, not the laws. Secondly, when we prohibit something, we are not educating anyone and for that reason is necessary to recover the importance of the education like the mean solution to prevent childhood obesity. Jeff Stier, columnist of Townhall magazine, highlights that we live in a world where the parents, not the laws, are primarily responsible for children and they have to educate them. This is important without a doubt; parents have the obligation to control the exposure time of children to media similarly the irrational consumption of junk food. Therefore, we cannot blame the advertising totally. Thirdly, we shouldn’t permit that a law or ban assumes parents’ role in the education of their children, it would be strengthen their irresponsibility as for kids’ health care, so to prevent that a ban simply postpones the learning process to later years when parents lose the control, we need to start teaching them a better lifestyle from home first because is into the family that children build healthy or unhealthy habits. Finally, banning fast food advertising won’t encourage consumers, children and adults to focus on making significant lifestyle changes. Only with education, we could face the advertising environment that is necessary to prevent childhood obesity. Work Cited Stier, Jeff. â€Å"Regulation Junk Food Advertising-The Next Nanny State Initiative†. Townhall Magazine July 2011. Non Print.

Valentines Cards by Types of Girlfriends

Valentines Cards by Types of Girlfriends Valentines Day is coming up and you dont know what to say to your girlfriend. Shes special, shes unique, but how do you tell her that? Here are some ideas for how to express your love to a girl who has any of the following interests. Image credit: Marvel

Plurals and Apostrophes (Mostly) Dont Mix

Plurals and Apostrophes (Mostly) Dont Mix Plurals and Apostrophes (Mostly) Don’t Mix Plurals and Apostrophes (Mostly) Don’t Mix By Mark Nichol The apostrophe has three functions: To help indicate possession (boy’s), to mark contraction (it’s), and to convert a singular letter, number, or initialism to a plural. However, the mark has all but been relieved of duty in its third task. One of the few categories in which apostrophes are still retained for plural usage is when plurals of letters are concerned. In expressing how many times a letter appears in a word, for example, one would write â€Å"There are five e’s in beekeeper†; it would be distracting to write â€Å"There are five es in beekeeper.† This style also applies to the expressions â€Å"Mind your p’s and q’s† and â€Å"Dot the i’s and cross the t’s.† (Note, however, that in these idiomatic uses, contrary to the previous example, the letters are not italicized to indicate that they are being employed to refer to themselves.) However, legibility is not a concern when uppercase letters are concerned: No apostrophes are necessary in â€Å"She received three As, two Bs, and one C on her report card.† (Note that names of letter grades are not italicized.) But to avoid confusion, don’t start a sentence with â€Å"As† or â€Å"Is† to refer to more than one uppercase letter; the resemblance to the words As and Is will distract readers. If plurals of both uppercase and lowercase letters are listed in reference to the alphabet, though, be consistent: â€Å"The T’s and r’s in his first signature differ from those in the second one.† Apostrophes are unnecessary when referring to plurals of numbers. For example, the treatment of the number in â€Å"I printed three 5s on a piece of paper† is correct, though when one is referring to any other use of the number than the numeral itself, it is better to spell out the word for the number: â€Å"She gave him change in the form of three fives.† When pluralizing a year, omit the apostrophe: â€Å"They came of age in the 1990s.† Use the mark with numbers only to indicate the possessive case, as in â€Å"Check out this list of 1990’s biggest hits† â€Å"Check out this list of the biggest hits of 1990† would be better or to truncate a designation of a decade, as in â€Å"They came of age in the ’90s.† Until relatively late in the twentieth century, inserting periods after each letter in an initialism was customary (â€Å"F.B.I.†). Because placing a plural s immediately after the final period would be awkward (â€Å"It was as if there were two F.B.I.s†), an apostrophe was customarily inserted before the s (â€Å"It was as if there were two F.B.I.’s†) not an ideal solution, but better than the alternative. However, now that these periods are almost universally considered obsolete (a few publications, most notably the New York Times, are holdouts), the apostrophe is superfluous and considered incorrect: â€Å"It was as if there were two FBIs.† (The Times, for the record, omits periods in acronyms, a series of letters that, unlike initialisms, are pronounced as words.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Bare or Bear With Me?Loan, Lend, Loaned, LentWriting a Thank You Note

International Relations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

International Relations - Research Paper Example Intergovernmental organizations are formed to address specific issues such as security, trade, the welfare of refugees and children, environmental conservation and management and food safety. These intergovernmental organizations engage nation-states to reach agreements, treaties and protocols that bind and which are crucial to solving some of the issues that characterize international relations. Multi-national corporations are large, wealthy, and it is impossible to deny their influence on the international stage. Multi-national corporations play a controversial role in many aspects of the foreign policy of nation-states, but their participation is considered good politics and business. Multinational corporations create many opportunities for employment and the huge profits they make increase the wealth of nations. Non-governmental organizations actively participate in international activities that are common to many nation-states. Non-governmental organizations tackle a variety of issues that include poverty, human rights, gun control and provision of education. Non-governmental organizations that address human right issues operate across nation-states and which focus on protecting human rights. Intergovernmental organizations, multi-national corporations, and non-governmental organizations have enhanced their influence in international activities, and it is impossible to ignore their participation blatantly. These three act as the thread that connects the nation-states of the world together.

To create a binding agreement the acceptance must occur, and that Research Paper

To create a binding agreement the acceptance must occur, and that 'acceptance' must be final and absolutely unconditional - Research Paper Example A contract legally binds the signees of the contract to the terms spelt out in the contract. A breach of the terms spelt out in the contract makes an individual who is party to the contract to be liable to prosecution by law. Acceptance is an element of contracts that should be featured in a contract for it to be legally binding. This paper aims at highlighting acceptance under Australian contractual law and how it impacts on businesses and the judicial system in the country. Contractual acceptance is characterized by a party in the contract agreeing to the terms and conditions of the offer that is proposed by the other party. A contract is not formalized until the party being proposed to, accepts the offer at hand. The contract can then be termed as legally binding after the offer has been accepted. A contract can also not be formalized until all the negotiations regarding the terms and conditions of the contract have been finalized. Acceptance can be defined as an unqualified assen t to all terms of the offer for example, when a buyer makes an offer to the seller of which the seller accepts the offer from the buyer (SINGH & KAUR, 2011:120). Acceptance in contract formation includes the arrival at a consensus between the parties involved on the terms and conditions defining the contract. For acceptance to be realized, an offer by one of the parties involved in the contract should be proposed. This creates the opportunity to for the other member analyse the offer and present their judgment by accepting the offer or agreeing in an unqualified way. This means that offeree assents the offer but on condition that some of his terms are also accepted by the offeror (SINGH & KAUR, 2011:185). An offer must be distinguished from an invitation to deal because it involves testing for intent from the party making the statement. It depends on whether the response would result to an agreement or simply translate to further negotiations. An example of this scenario is a court case between the Great Britain Pharmaceutical Society v Boots in which the English court of appeal provided emphasis on the commercial influence and classification of the conduct as an offer (SINGH & KAUR, 2011:190). A contract is formed when an offer by one individual is accepted by the other party involved in the negotiations. An offer can be made to one person, a class of persons or to the whole world as long as the specifics of the terms and conditions of the offer are clearly defined for all parties involved. An offer is part and parcel of acceptance because it determines the realisation of acceptance depending on the terms of the offer. Thus, an offer is a definite promise to be bound to, provided the terms of the offer are accepted. This means that acceptance is realised when the precise terms of the offer have been accepted. If the precise terms of an offer are not accepted, then it means that the offer is still under negotiations, and it cannot be said that the acceptance s tage has been reached and finalised. Negotiations indicate that the basic elements of which acceptance is part of, have not been met, and therefore negotiations are ongoing. An offer can be withdrawn before it is accepted, but it requires the offer or to inform the other party about the withdrawal of the offer. This makes it possible to avoid a binding contract because the

Essay about Walmart Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

About Walmart - Essay Example imary advantage is to over come barriers that are related to Multi-tier distribution which has at all times been the common approach of doing business in Japan. Over time, Wal-Mart will alter that. By approaching the suppliers directly, Wal-Mart will establish a more well-organized distributional system. Retailers will have to set up a similar system to stay competitive. Wal-Mart will approach the strong suppliers, mainly those that might already have globally established relationship for aid in building this innovative and extremely different distributional system. The most important advantage is that the benefits of that enhancement in distributional efficiency will be enjoyed by both i.e. Wal-Mart as well as their suppliers. Wal-Mart does uneventfully gain success in superseding the wholesaler segment, they will be in a lot better of if they are in a position to distribute goods at less expensive costs, which will allow them to pass along a little of the price savings to customers. The degree of success that Wal-Mart will encompass in Japan depends on the degree to which Wal-Mart can adjust Retail Link to Japan’s distribution system. Also, Wal-Mart will have to obtain a handsome amount of real estate to get the economies of scale required to be successful, at the same time keeping local management content. And finally they must be patient, as the Expansion into Japan maybe takes a lot of time. I believe that Wal-Mart is successful by circumvent the current Japanese distribution system by reflecting activities of manufacturers as well as retailers to circumvent the wholesalers, share knowledge, and incorporate decision making. Wal-Mart recently decided to gain 66.7 percent of Seiyu, Japans fourth largest retail group. Ten years ago Wal-Mart had attempted to sell its private label cookies in Japanese stores, and customers emptied out all the shelves. But the Japanese buyers did not buy them again as they were too sweet, a part from this most of them

Strategies for Supplier Relationship Management

Strategies for Supplier Relationship Management Supplier Relationship Management (including analysis) is the management an ongoing business relationship to guarantee competitive advantage for an organisation. The focus is on overall relationships between the supplier and the buying organisation rather than a focus on a specific contract. Its aim is to support purchasing and business management to develop an orderly understanding of the nature of current relationships that exist within and between the organisation and the suppliers (OGC, 2009). Supplier relationship management is a comprehensive approach to managing an enterprises interactions with the organizations that supply the goods and services it uses. The goal of supplier relationship management (SRM) is to streamline and make more effective the processes between an enterprise and its suppliers just as customer relationship management (CRM) is intended to streamline and make more effective the processes between an enterprise and its customers (SAP 2008). Buying organisations have a need to manage not only their contracts but also their suppliers. A number of suppliers will have multiple contractual relationships with individual departments and it is therefore important for them to be proactively managed. The process will be supported by information generated from the performance management arrangements that will be in place for each of the contracts, but this process is much more about the overall relationship rather than on activity on a specific contract (SAP.com 2008). OBJECTIVES The objectives for SRM include: Reduction in costs Service improvement Solution development Flexibility and mutual benefit (Adapted from Procurement Leadership 2006) There will also be the opportunity for improvement in the overall relationship with the supplier progressing in the direction of increased partnering type arrangements. This will potentially include: Established communication channels at all levels, up to and including CEO, between the organisations Joint planning and forecasting at a strategic level Increased trust Enhanced collaborative approaches and perspective Improved value for both parties (Adapted from OGC 2009) Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) is aimed at streamlining the supply chain by improving the communication between an enterprise and its suppliers. (PROCUREMENT -LEADERS, 2006). It streamlines the processes between an enterprise and its suppliers in the same way Customer Relationship Management (CRM) makes the processes between an enterprise and its customers more effective. In actual fact SRM practices enable a common frame of reference to improve communication between enterprise and supplier who may be used to different practices and terminology. Eventually SRM software can lower production costs and result in a higher quality, lower priced end product (SAP 2008). Modern SRM solutions support the whole procurement process in the company, including procurement strategy, qualification of suitable suppliers, tenders and contract design, and monitoring supplier performance. 2.2 THE IMPORTANCE OF IMPLEMENTING SRM STRATEGY/PLAN SRM is becoming progressively more important for enterprises because, in the competitive global environment, purchasing-related savings are equally important as sales. In the past ten years, significant results have been generated through rationalising supply bases, introducing competition and moving to low cost countries. But recently results from these activities are diminishing, which is where SRM comes in (PROCUREMENT LEADERS 2006). When SRM is effective, companies improve on profitability, growth, market share and reputation. SRM is especially important when there is a limited supply base for a product and in this case, the peanut company has one supply and it is a major priority of the peanut company to maintain a good relationship with the supply. This is to say that the cooperative society has a full monopoly on the supply of nuts to Peanutty. A good relationship is necessary to avoid sudden increase in price, supply of quality products, and also the supply can decide not to supply to Peanutty. They therefore have a need to manage not only their contracts but also their suppliers. There will also be the opportunity for improvement in the overall relationship with the supplier progressing in the direction of increased partnering type arrangements.ÂÂ   This will potentially include: Established communication channels at all levels, up to and including CEO, between the organisations Joint planning and forecasting at a strategic level. Peanutty should encourage their suppliers to focus more on the strategic path to cooperative success and enhanced collaborative approaches and perspective Increased trust between the supplier and Peanutty, by finding compromise solutions to problems enhance both Peanutty Company and the cooperative supplier work towards achieving the long-term benefits Improved value for both parties, the demand of the product enhances the ability of both Peanutty and the cooperative supplier to have a clear vision towards its benefits. 3.0 QUESTION 2: What activities could be developed by Peanutty to reduce or manage the power of its customers to minimize risks and maximize profitability? Peanutty is a manufacturer of ingredients for the food industry and also a service provider of food items for large companies in the sector. Peanutty should use the strategies of customer relationship management (CRM). 3.1 CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT Customer Relationship Management, or CRM, is an important part of modern business management. Customer Relationship Management concerns the relationship between the organization and its customers. Customers are the lifeblood of any organization be it a global corporation with thousands of employees and a multi-billion turnover, or a sole trader with a handful of regular customers. Customer Relationship Management is the same in principle for these two examples it is the scope of CRM which can vary drastically. Customer Relationship Management focuses on the relationship Successful organizations use three steps to build customer relationships: determine mutually satisfying goals between organization and customers establish and maintain customer rapport produce positive feelings in the organization and the customers In the business world, the organization and the customers both have sets of conditions to consider when building the relationship, such as wants and needs of both parties these conditions include; organizations need to make a profit to survive and grow customers want good service, a quality product and an acceptable price CRM can have a major impact on an organization through: shifting the focus from product to customer, streamlining the offer to what the customer requires, not want the organization can make and also highlighting competencies required for an effective CRM process The ultimate purpose of CRM, like any organizational initiative, is to increase profit. In the case of CRM this is achieved mainly by providing a better service to your customers than your competitors. CRM not only improves the service to customers though; a good CRM capability will also reduce costs, wastage, and complaints (although you may see some increase initially, simply because you hear about things that without CRM would have stayed hidden). Effective CRM also reduces staff stress, because attrition a major cause of stress reduces as services and relationships improve. CRM enables instant market research as well: opening the lines of communications with your customers gives you direct constant market reaction to your products, services and performance, far better than any market survey. Good CRM also helps you grow your business: customers stay with you longer; customer churn rates reduce; referrals to new customers increase from increasing numbers of satisfied customers; demand reduces on fire-fighting and trouble-shooting staff, and overall the organizations service flows and teams work more efficiently and more happily. 3.2 Features of good CRM The old viewpoint in industry was: Heres what we can make who wants to buy our product? The new viewpoint in industry is: What exactly do our customers want and need? and What do we need to do to be able to produce and deliver it to our customers? This is a significant change of paradigm and a quantum leap in terms of how we look at our business activity. What do customers want? Most obviously, and this is the extent of many suppliers perceptions, customers want cost-effective products or services that deliver required benefits to them. (Benefits are what the products or services do for the customers.) Note that any single product or service can deliver different benefits to different customers. Its important to look at things from the customers perspective even at this level. More significantly however, customers want to have their needs satisfied. Customers needs are distinctly different to and far broader than a product or service, and the features and benefits encompassed. Customers needs generally extend to issues far beyond the suppliers proposition, and will often include the buying-selling process (prior to providing anything), the way that communications are handled, and the nature of the customer-supplier relationship. Modern CRM theory refers to the idea of integrating the customer. This new way of looking at the business involves integrating the customer (more precisely the customers relevant people and processes) into all aspects of the suppliers business, and vice versa. This implies a relationship that is deeper and wider than the traditional arms-length supplier-customer relationship. The traditional approach to customer relationships was based on a simple transaction or trade, and little more. Perhaps there would be only a single point of contact between one person on each side. All communication and dealings would be between these two people, even if the customers organization contained many staff, departments, and functional requirements (distribution, sales, quality, finance, etc). The modern approach to customer relationship management is based on satisfying all of the needs people, systems, processes, etc across the customers organization, such as might be affected and benefited by the particular supply.(business balls 2002). Designing and implementing a successful CRM programme: Step 1: Creating the CRM plan Activities : Understanding the objectives, fit with Peanuttys strategy, development of software, costing and training Step 2: Involve CRM users from Outset Peanutty should establish a project/management team from all affected organizational area. Step 3: Select the right application and provider Use of internal IT tools to analyse and compare available products and suppliers Step 4 :Integrate Existing CRM application Centralised database containing customer information for all CRM associated user to actively involved in each customer. Step 5 : Establish Performance measures Use of performance measurement to evaluate if strategies have been met or not Step 6 : Providing CRM training for all users During implementation, Peanutty should provide training to all employees actively associated with CRM about it benefits and objectives. (MARKETING TEACHER 2000) 4.0 QUESTION 3: evaluate the benefit of performance measurement systems to this company? 4.1 PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT Performance refers to output results and their outcomes obtained from processes, products, and services that permit evaluation and comparison relative to goals, standards, past results, and other organisations. Performance can be expressed in non-financial and financial terms. Measurement refers to numerical information that quantifies input, output, and performance dimensions of processes, products, services, and the overall organisation (outcomes). Performance measures might be simple (derived from one measurement) or composite (BPIR 2007). Performance measurement system is an assessment system of measurement that represents a formal efficient approach to observe performance Performance measurement is the process whereby an organization establishes the parameters within which programs, investments, and acquisitions are reaching the desired results. This will be needed most especially in the roasting and peanut preparation line, so that the target of 12 hour per day will be attained. 4.1.1 PM focuses on results, rather than behaviours and activities A common misconception among supervisors is that behaviours and activities are the same as results. As a result, an employee may appear extremely busy, but not be contributing anything toward the goals of the organization. An example is the employee who manually counts the number of peas processed. The supervisor may conclude the employee is very committed to the organization and works very hard, thus, deserving a very high performance rating, where by his output is poor. 4.1.2 Aligns organizational activities and processes to the goals of the organization PM identifies organizational goals, results needed to achieve those goals, measures of effectiveness or efficiency (outcomes) toward the goals, and means (drivers) to achieve the goals. This chain of measurements is examined to ensure alignment with overall results of the organization. This is due to the fact that the employees complain about not knowing the direction and goals of peanut company. 4.1.3 Produces meaningful measurements These measurements have a wide variety of useful applications. They are useful in benchmarking, or setting standards for comparison with best practices in other organizations. They provide consistent basis for comparison during internal change efforts. They indicate results during improvement efforts, such as employee training, management development, quality programs, etc. They help ensure equitable and fair treatment to employees based on performance.mr Carmelo doesnt treat the employees like they are part of the organisation, probably because he is not aware of the effort these workers put into the company. therefore wit performance, he will be able to quantify the level of dedication and then will he will recognise their capability and potential, and thus give them Moore responsibility. Performance measurement will clarify expectations of roles and responsibilities of all the work stations in the peanut factory. It will also make it possible for the director, supervisor and the employees to discuss work related issues and develop solutions The will also be able to formally review performance and achievement of agreed goals and objectives Provide two-way face to face feedback and also link individual performance to broader strategic plans and key objectives. (Adapted from Supplychainer 2005) Overall, this will help Peanutty to set their long term strategy goals, work on their objectives, meet their target and measure the performance. 5.0 QUESTION 4. The supply chain process i would suggest is the lean manufacturing process. 5.1 Lean Manufacturing is an operational strategy oriented toward achieving the shortest possible cycle time by eliminating waste. It is derived from the Toyota Production System and its key thrust is to increase the value-added work by eliminating waste and reducing incidental work. The technique often decreases the time between a customer order and shipment, and it is designed to radically improve profitability, customer satisfaction, throughput time, and employee morale (ROCKFORD 1999). The characteristics of lean processes are: Single-piece production Repetitive order characteristics Just-In-Time materials/pull scheduling Short cycle times Quick changeover Continuous flow work cells Collocated machines, equipment, tools and people Compressed space Multi-skilled employees Flexible workforce Empowered employees High first-pass yields with major reductions in defects The term Lean is very apt because in Lean Manufacturing the emphasis is to cut out the fat or waste in the manufacturing process. Waste is defined as anything that does not add value to the customer. It could also be defined as anything the customer is unwilling to pay for. For example, if you order a shirt to be custom made, it may take 6 weeks. However the actual time the tailors or seamstresses are working on the shirt is only 5 hours. The rest of the time is taken up by such things as material ordering, waiting between processes and inefficient shipping practices. This extra time does not add value to you, the customer. As Lean Manufacturing principals are applied to the shirt-making process, one would see a reduction in delivery time from 6 to 5 to 4 weeks and even less. The ideal shirt-making operation would be streamlined to give you, the customer, what you want, when you want it at the lowest possible cost within the least amount of time (CONTINENTAL DESIGN ENGINEERING 2008). 5.2 Lean identifies seven types of waste: Over-Production Obviously a product that cannot be sold or has to be dumped at a reduced price is wasteful. Also producing product before the customer needs it requires the part to be stored and ties up money in inventory. Inventory Excess Inventory ties up a great deal of cash, which is wasteful. Stockpiling inventory between processes is wasteful. Conveyance Unnecessarily moving a part during the production process is wasteful. It can also cause damage to the part, which creates wasteful rework. Correction Having to re-work parts because of manufacturing errors is a large source of waste. Additionally, sorting and inspecting parts is wasteful and can be eliminated by error proofing (designing your processes so that the product can only be produced one way, which is the correct way, every time). Motion Unnecessary or awkward operator motions put undue stress on the body and cause waste. Improvement in this area should result in reduced injury and workmans compensation claims. Processing Unclear customer requirements cause the manufacturer to add unnecessary processes, which add cost to the product. Waiting The operator being idle between operations is wasteful. It is acceptable for the machine to wait on the operator, but it is unacceptable for the operator to wait on the machine. The 5S is a core method of lean manufacturing. Sort: The first stage of 5S is to organize the work area, leaving only the tools and materials necessary to perform daily activities. When sorting is well implemented, communication between workers is improved and product quality and productivity are increased. Sort is the act of throwing away the unwanted, unnecessary, and unrelated materials in the workplace. Straighten (Set in order): The second stage of 5S involves the orderly arrangement of needed items so they are easy to use and accessible for anyone to find. Orderliness eliminates waste in production and clerical activities. Shine: this means keeping everything clean and swept. This maintains a safer work area and problem areas are quickly identified. An important part of shining is Mess Prevention. In other words, dont allow litter, scrap, shavings, cuttings, etc., to land on the floor in the first place. Standardize: The fourth stage of 5S involves creating a consistent approach for carrying out tasks and procedures. Orderliness is the core of standardization and is maintained by Visual Controls. Sustain: This last stage of 5S is the discipline and commitment of all other stages. Without sustaining, your workplace can easily revert back to being dirty and chaotic. That is why it is so crucial for your team to be empowered to improve and maintain their workplace. When employees take pride in their work and workplace it can lead to greater job satisfaction and higher productivity. 6.0 SUGGESTION FOR PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT 6.1 BENCHMARKING 6.1.1 Benchmarking is a continuous measure of products, services and practices against firms best competitors. It is the process of evaluating and understanding the current position of a business in relation to the best practice to identify areas that need improvement and the means of improving performance. Benchmarking involves looking outward (outside a particular business, organisation, industry, region or country) to examine how others achieve their performance levels and to understand the processes they use. In this way benchmarking helps explain the processes behind excellent performance. When the lessons learnt from a benchmarking exercise are applied appropriately, they facilitate improved performance in critical functions within an organisation or in key areas of the business environment (Tutor2u). Application of benchmarking involves four key steps: Understand in detail existing business processes Analyse the business processes of others Compare own business performance with that of others analysed Implement the steps necessary to close the performance gap The goal of benchmarking is to identify the weaknesses within an organization and improve upon them, with the idea of becoming the best of the best. The benchmarking process helps managers to find gaps in performance and turn them into opportunities for improvement. Benchmarking enables companies to identify the most successful strategies used by other companies of comparable size, type, or regional location, and then adopt relevant measures to make their own programs more efficient. Most companies apply benchmarking as part of a broad strategic process. For example, companies use benchmarking in order to find breakthrough ideas for improving processes, to support quality improvement programs, to motivate staffs to improve performance, and to satisfy managements need for competitive assessments. I choose Benchmarking because it targets roles, processes, and critical success factors. Roles are what define the job or function that a person fulfils. Processes are what consume a companys resources. Critical success factors are issues that company must address for success over the long-term in order to gain a competitive advantage. Benchmarking focuses on these things in order to point out inefficiencies and potential areas for improvement (Reference for Business 2010). By using all types of benchmarking (Internal, external, functional Generic) Peanutty will be able to identify internal or external standard recognized leaders and compare the current process that was implemented for its process. Benchmarking performance measurement system will allow Peanutty to have clear vision towards its current process (internally) and its competitors (competitors) in order to have continuous improvement to achieve its goals on cost reduction and high quality products.

Abortion Essay -- essays research papers

ABORTION Abortion, in my opinion, has been one of the largest debataable issues in American Society. There are so many aspects and views to examine before one can even begin to form their own opinion. In order to discuss an important issue such as abortion, we must first understand what it means. Abortion is the ending of a pregnancy before the fetus has developed and grown enough to live outside the mother. When abortion happens naturally before the 20th week it is called a spontaneous abortion, or miscarriage. If it happens naturally after the 20th week it is termed a late fetal death or a still birth. An abortion caused by a medical procedure is called an induced abortion. Most induced abortion are performed in the first trimester or first 12 weeks after conception.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The abortion debate seems like an unresolable conflict of rights. The right of women to control their own bodies, and the right of children to be born. In the United States abortion became legal in 1973. Recently, courts have upheld the right of a woman to have an abortion, and as a result, has caused many heated debates. The opposing abortion groups are refered to as â€Å"pro-life† and â€Å"pro-choise.† The people who refer to themselves as pro-choise belive the woman has the right to choose for herself whether to have an abortion. It has nothing to do with the humanity of the fetus but is entirely about the womans freedom. They say every persoon has the right to live and move in freedom. A pregnant woman and her unborn child are one and the law should protect the woman’s right. They most often refer to the embryo as nothing â€Å"a blob.† Saying that the fetus is not alive because it can not live outside the womans womb. Furthermore they gone as far as saying the world is already over-populated. They claim abortion is a personal choice. Therefore an abortion is justified if the mother wants an abortion. Whereas pro-life people belive that destroying a human life is morally wrong and should be restricted. Their belive that the loss of one’s life is one of the greatest losses one can suffer. The loss of one’s life deprives one of all the experiences, activ ities, and enjoyments that would otherwise have constituted one’s future. In their eyes abortion is a sin. They claim that human lives are being taken at a rate of 1.5 million a year for convenience. Is abortion right or... ...he already has all the children she wants. Also she could be very young and her parents do not want her to have the baby. Abortions under these circumstances are similar because it’s the deliberate taking of a life just for convenience.. I belive a pregnant woman should seek counseling and advice before making a decision to have an abortion. Counseling early in the pregnancy is important for a positive outcome regardless of whether the pregnancy will continue or an abortion is chosen There is other options for instance the baby could be given up for adoption. Besides if you know you have had unpotected sex there is emergency contraception methods available to prevent pregnancy up to 72 hours after the unprotected sex accoured. There are so many birth control methods currently available for there to be any unwanted pregancies. With one exception for pregnancies tresulting from rape or incest. I feel in my heart that a human life should not be sacrificed because it is a gift from God. This is only my opinion. There are alot of arguments regarding abortion. They all provide food for thought. If you want to hear other arguments just bring up the subject at your next family gathering.

Movie: And The Band Played On Essay

The movie † And The band Played on is about a doctor from world health organisation who is finding the cause of an unknown virus. At first youv’e seen him in the African community where a clinic is near â€Å"Ebola River† Central Africa 1976 were they found an african child that showed them the way of Dr. Azis where they found that he’s already dead with some of the citizen. They found a woman begging for some medicine then she died, they don’t know what the cause of death. The dead people were burn for the virus stop spreading out the community. The virus was called â€Å"The Ebola Fever† it was contained before it could reach the outside world. It was not AIDS but it was a warning of things to come. â€Å"Rigshospitalet Copenhagen 1977† it was the first case of an unknown virus.The victim is dead by Pneumocystis Pnemonia but the doctor said that it was no killer virus so he demmaned what’s the real cause but that all she had. â€Å"Claude-Bernard Hospital Paris 1978† the second case of an unknown virusthis is were his examined there some fungus in the mouth, warts on his arms and more on his legs and his brain is rotting with Toxoplasmosis, a cat disease. Washington D.C. 1980 a democratic platform committee meeting was held about a gay act of special previleges that they are also human and they be must respect like other normal people do. UCLA Medical Center Los Angeles the doctor were puzzled how or why the virus spread in just 2 years. They made a letter and send to the Centers For Disease Control Atlanta, May 1981 to D. Gease. Dr. Francis arrive at Atlanta where he meet is coleage Harold Japey Secutive Trans Division, Ardan Terdare Socioologist, Harold Lorens Division of host factors & Dr. Mary Gaia where they held a meeting about the spreading virus were they have a talking about the information of the virus in doctors in different hospitals. Francis went to the Sloan-Kettering Canser Center New york and talk with a gay person talking about his past life in a book and wishing that he was an italian man in his 60 but he was to young to look like that. New York University Medical Center, Dr. Mary Gaia talked to a man that went a examination on his spot on the neck about some of his personal information on how many times in a year does he have sex with a man but he was on a hurry cathing on a plane that it was not finish. In U.S. cases is 80 and the deaths were 26 Harold Lorens Interview a couple going on the bathhouse of what the other men doing the the bath that could it possible they having sex while washing each others back? and so on. They warned the owner that thier must be some kind of epidemic spreading in the gay community they wan’t to inspect the bath house they found a bottle of rush. They wen’t to a meeting a discuss whether it is a virus or a bacteria, or a bug, what species is infected how do it infect and the prone virus is male or female. They agreed that its all human male or female is infected via sex and other blood to blood contact. They wan’t to have a money to have a laboratory to begin their research about the virus. San Francisco Holloween 1981, they have a festival of gay people. Now the U.S cases is aproxiametely 160 and 88 deaths there is a man walked out and find the doctor’s then he was called to tell his name because he does’nt know him that he don’t care he looked back and found two boys then he noticed the poster â€Å"theirs nothing gay about gay canser† he said that the government doesn’t care about them and they will leave to die but he had a determination to live to go for his life. Mary Gaia met a man she instructed the man to have a answered the consent letter that she will have some specimens it was blood, urine, saliva, and sperm. he ask what is the name of thesickness, gay people called it gaypneumonia. When the holloween is finished, they are trying to find the parasites of mice, rabbits, and guineapigs then a monkey for the virus All they know about the sickness is an unknown organism that they can’t see or find, they don’t know if its a single agent or combination of causes, they don’t know how its transmitted. A man accidentally slip the container of some blood specimen that contains deadly virus. In a hospital there are two women dying from pneumocystis, but it is not deadly sickness so its impossible, there are nineteen people died in 3 years no matter what’s there status, or nationalism. Dr. Rozenbaum was called in the office of the head doctor of the ospital, it was embarrising that the hospital were called â€Å"That ho spital where those people go†. Now the patiens are afraid to come in  the hospital because of the saying and they are afraid to die and that put them in a difficult possition. Washington D.C., office of congressman phillip burton was arguing with his secretary about the expenses in the research for an unknown virus the secretary was warned the congressman that no one knows this thing. Now a president’s won but there are less money for medical funds next year but instead it was put on the department of defense that were actualy increase over budget and figure. Dr. Francis send a requisition for an electron microscope but not a reply was recieved. He has a memo that where are the $196,000 to run the laboratory but he had no reply of yes or no. But he’s colleage was tired and wan’t to go home. Dr. Jemm was called and informed that there are 4 known died in Miami and it is now a not a gay disease and it’s on a every news. He is sick of nothing to know of the virus know he saw a pac-man game that just eat and eat and an idea got on him, he went in harvard school of public health in boston, he ask his instructor of feline & leukimia virus that they both causes virus, immune suppression & long incubation periods, now the hepatitis b it causes canser imune suppresion none. now they are finding between heoatitis b and leukimia virus in a retro virus that causes leukimia that they need of Bob Galo for having found the first retro virus the HTLV that still haven’t found the major cause of it to link it to. Now on national institutes of health bethesda, maryland, march 1982, 258 U.S. cases 199 deaths they called Dr. Bob Galo to come visit them that they found the link for the cause of the problem and mt galo accept it that he would look into. Bill Darwin went to the V.A. Hospital Los Angeles, March 1982 he met a man that is dying and has a 3 friends that die with the same virus he is in a room 666, he tell a story that it started in a barbecue in 1980 in thier backyard it was just him, lover and a gay couple of the street on of them died in october 6,1981, feb 6,1982, march 6,1982, they died at the same day 6 so he is in 666 and he was afraid of that and want to change room but no one listen to him, then he ask when he is crimated is thier any diffirence between him and the cementary outside of his window? Harold Lowens ask for more information that links together, there is a man that he’s a 33 year old that dying but thier was a buddy and he said that it was cause of a man from new york that have a french canadian acsent and ask a blonde man and said that in a bathhouses and so fort, and a gay that gives a name and his full name, he went to new  york and met Janduga and ask on his sex life that he has a gay cans er that its not contaguos and said that its not his fault that it spread it was the doctors fault to stop the virus, Bill Darwin requested that he write all of his sex partner and lovers. Janduga said to Bill that knock before six and not on 6:30 then Bill is happy to have his permission and remember something that someone was given it to him. He called him the next day and make a representation about it, then it was known as sexually transmitted disease.Centers For Disease Control Atlanta, June 1982 they held a media conference wheter this is a sexually transmutted disease or not but the chief dicline it and said that they need more research about it and walk away and Dr. Francis argued with Dr. Current that why did he not tell and play dead and they freaking argued for a 10min. San Francisco June 1982 now there is 405 U.S. cases 272 deaths, they argue about closing the bathhouse or not one of the gay community warned them when the bathhouse is close the community is gone then he leaves. One of his partner names Kiko prepares to leave the house there’s an arkiteck that he wants to be. A theater where one of the virus victim was teaching Dr. Mary Gaia went to talk to the virus victim about this virus that he got this thing and hes scared why is he afraid to tell anybody that he have a virus, he said he has the money to fight this thing but there are more who needs it so he gave it to Dr. Mary Gaia.

Foundations of Leadership

This paper examines foundations of leadership and the role behavior plays in leadership. Behavior defines a person's ability to communicate and form active and powerful relationships within the organizational structure. Behavior influences how a leader will sustain communication to their team members and defines their strategy for leadership. This influences their ability to motivate, build powerful teams and adjust to organizational conflict and change. One role model of effective leadership would Bill Clinton. This paper looks at not only organizational examples of leadership but also the political role model of president to aid in defining foundations for leadership. This paper examines how proactive leadership can be applied to the organizational structure and outcomes or implications result. In today's business world, it is important to address how change agents influence the workplace and how leaders address such issues. In today's marketplace, the pressure to succeed is intense. Never before has a company's efficiency and profitability been so closely measured and studied. Without powerful, active leadership and a well-tuned team in place to motivate and encourage teamwork, a company is doomed to fail. This paper will explore key elements that build a foundation for leadership. See, sometimes what is not completely understood is that leadership involves so many other attributes found in a person. Two main attributes discussed in this paper is the ability to effectively communicate and display emotional intelligence. This brings into focus other skills needed to manage the day to day conflict and corporate environment of today's changing business world. Not only is leadership a key to success and a reflection of the organization's cultural values but it is group of skills needed. These skills include areas of expertise such as communication, motivation, and team building skills. In order for an organization to carry on success, it must turn to role models in the community for inspiration. Rather these role models be present within the culture is important but inherently, people will look around them to leadership already within the framework. This means looking to American culture for such leadership models. It can be continuously debated rather or not the most important leader in the world is effective. This person falls under tremendous scrutiny and accountability. The President of the United States must lead by example and be active in their leadership but one aspect of leadership that must be understood is that people are human and they err in the human way, nor are they perfect. As a role model, this paper will not only look at organizational examples of effective leadership skills but also examine the leadership of Bill Clinton. A key to the foundation for leadership is effective communication and one's ability to behave intelligently. It can be easy to confuse the two concepts of management and leadership on an organizational level. George S. Odiorne (1987) writes, â€Å"one of the more popular definitions of management is that it consists of getting results through other people† (p. 13). In today's company, the role of management also involves leadership within a team structure. Managers have the responsibility to set goals, maintain moral, aid in training and communicating corporate objectives. A good leader provides vision and clarity for the employee. Such a leader will be able to communicate and create a rapport with their team. This connection begins at a fundamental level of human sociology where the use of story is central. Howard Gardner (1995) reflects, â€Å"the ultimate impact of the leader depends most significantly on the particular story that he or she relates or embodies, and the receptions to that story on the part of the audiences† (p. 14). By telling stories, allows for a certain level of openness or vulnerability on the part of the leader and makes them human. By opening the line of communication, gives the employee knowledge of their environment and develops trust. The leader's role is to sell the idea of commitment within a culture. Odiorne (1987) suggests, â€Å"if employees know what is expected, and what help and resources are available, they can then be relied upon to govern their actions to achieve the commitments they have made† (p. 138). This sets the stage for goals and achieving high performance. The culture in turn feeds off this energy and excitement. There are three reasons why leaders are important. First they are responsible for the effectiveness of organizations. Second, the change and upheaval of past years has left us with no place to hide. We need anchors in our lives as a guiding purpose. Third, there is a national concern about integrity of our institutions. Being mindful of own context is difficult for us. (p. 15-16) Managers with a keen understanding of leading represent these three key attributes and create a foundation from which to act. A leader must also display curiosity and have the guts to be daring. They must be a dominant force within the team. Bennis (1989) reflects, there are two kinds of people â€Å"those who are paralyzed by fear, and those who are afraid but go ahead away. Life is not about limitation but options† (p. 185). In the book Primal Leadership, authors David Goleman, Richard Boyatzis, and Annie McKee (2001) present their research on leadership styles within the organizational structure. The research discusses the relationship that these executives have with their emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is the study of emotions and their impact upon the work environment. The research investigates the different leadership styles evident in most organizations today. Mainly, leaders are categorized as either having the visionary, coaching, affiliative, democratic, pacesetting, or commanding leadership styles. Emotional Intelligence relies upon the fact the leader will be able to have a competent level of interaction with the employee by changing leadership styles and adapting to each unique situation throughout the time at work. It reflects successful leadership by allowing for complex relationships for team members by recognizing relationship building, capacity of visions and personal development. Emotional Intelligence for a leader means being able to read people, be read and allow for open dialogue or communication. Research stresses the importance of the leader's flexibility and capability to adapt to his or her environment. An effective leader will understand not only their environment and people but also understand the potential for impact upon that environment. By understanding this key element, an effective leader will know how to define the environment. This is important because employees look to management for guidance. The leader defines the boundaries for the team and creates an atmosphere for building relationships and open communication. This in turn creates stronger teams. Any time people are brought together, behavior both positive and negative can occur. According to the American Heritage College Dictionary (1997), behavior is: â€Å"the manner in which one behaves or the actions or reactions of persons or things in response to external or internal stimuli. † Upon further investigating the verb form also in the American Heritage College Dictionary, the word ‘behave' means â€Å"to conduct (oneself) in a specified way† or â€Å"to act† (p. 123). It is human nature to behave in a certain manner while existing in society. Over a period of time, we react differently to events that happen. How we respond to those events is essentially our behavior. How we communicate with one another is how we express behavior. Organizational Behavior focuses on the study of behavior within the organizational construct. This field of study concentrates on how an individual, group and structure affects the behavior within the organization. Therefore, this has direct bearing on communication as information is vital to learning within the organization. It is important for an organization to learn from its mistakes as this information enhances the organizations' performance. This information when communicated can bring about change and growth within the organization's functions and policies. Motivation can be a complex issue for a leader to communicate when managing a team of different personalities. One key to success is having an understanding of people and the many different things that motivate people, influencing their behaviors while performing a task therefore, influencing communication. A good leader will work to understand what motivates each individual on the team in an effort to improve communications. Still this brings up the issue of needs and how to get them met by the situation. Maslow's Theory of Needs, suggests that individuals have a range of needs and will be motivated to fulfill whichever is the greatest need at that moment in time. In this construct, there are lower-order and higher-order needs. The lower-order needs are dominant until they are at least partially satisfied. Maslow predicted a normal person will turn their attention to higher-order needs once the lower ones were taken care of (Motivation 2005, par. 3). Lower-order needs include items like making a living for food and shelter while higher-order needs are more in tune with personality such as esteem and worth. A team leader will understand how his or her team members perceive themselves within the team and what needs are important to each member. This will aid the leader in knowing how to approach each individual and how to effectively discuss the every day team happenings. By understanding motivation, a leader can also understand which methods of communication work best for each employee. In this way, the leader can adapt his or her tone and body language to better convey the point. By knowing what motivates people, the leader can effectively communicate incentives to the team to boost their morale. This will lead to them offering the team ways to make work interesting and challenging while encouraging members to take ownership of tasks. This encourages the pursuit of goals. Once an employee is acknowledged, a higher level of pride and respect is achieved. This inspires them to take advantage of new learning opportunities and lead within the team. It is also important for the leader to give regular praise and positive feedback when the standard of work is high. On the other hand, it is also important for the leader to offer support during times of struggle and conflict in order to decrease the influence of stress. For managers who actively keep and open dialogue are putting their people first. They are more focused on nurturing and training. Research suggests leaders are more interested in mentoring and training their team rather than focusing on output of numbers or turn around time. This once again acts a mini-strategy to manage communication within the team. This development in team building allows for â€Å"providing people opportunities to learn from their work rather than taking them away from their work to learn† (Hughes, 2004, p. 4). A healthy culture inspires options and the innovations that grow out of creativity. Another issue when creating an intimate team experience is building trust. In an example, the South African Breweries, plc or SAB found itself needing to create trust in a post Apartheid era where racism was still very much causing conflict and lack of communication among workers. As part of implementing an integrated management process, the organization carried out workshops to target its 6,000 employees. These workshops encouraged open discussion about South Africa's past, Apartheid's influence and how shared values increased a sense of workplace community (Supporting workplace learning for high performance working, p. ). The President of the United States has a tremendous pressure on his shoulders as he represents our country to the world. The President can be considered the most powerful man in the world. Is he a good leader, effective in his communication, motivation, team orientation skills? Does he understand the needs of the people and actively lead on this premise of continually making the country a better place or is he a puppet acting out the agenda of his political party? From this standpoint, the United States government can be seen as the ultimate organization with the President as the CEO. Within this structure, is the foundation of leadership present or is the term just used to clean up past mistakes and create new policies only to be changed by future leaders? In this respect, it can be difficult to separate the human from the leader while in public view. He will be analyzed from every angle. From an Organizational Behavior standpoint, it is only logical to believe how one conducts his personal life also reflects his business integrity. Many would argue because of President Clinton's indiscretions that he was a poor leader. He lied and therefore, that changes the public view of him and the level of trust that can be instilled in him. This indiscretion calls his accountability into question or does it? In order to examine Clinton's leadership ability and skills, one must have a handle on their own Emotional Intelligence and be able to separate his business practices from his moral decision of his personal life. There is a reason the business world leaves the personal life at the door; there is a job to be done. Leon Panetta (2001) reflects, â€Å"Clinton is a paradox. He can be described as brilliant, dedicated, slick and dishonest† (p. ). Liberals claim he was passionate about the issues and succeeded in changing many policies concerning civil rights, education, the environment, medical ethics and women's rights. Conservatives liked him because he was able to balance the federal budget, fight for free trade like NAFTA and create tough crime programs. Still does addressing these issues make him an effective leader? Panetta (2001) explains, â€Å"to get a better measure of the man and his presidency, it helps to look at him, both accomplishments and failures. Only then can we understand Bill Clinton, the leader† (p. ) Discussion, Application and Implications The issue of ethics raises another concern for Organizational Behavior and how one conducts themselves within the construct. Communication can lead to misunderstanding but so does lack of action. Sometimes it is not evident that taking action could have changed the outcome. What is important to an organization is that they follow through with every possibility. This is where employees pick up on non-verbal communications from management. If a leader appears not to be concerned, then more than likely the team members will not be either. Internal cues, both verbal and non-verbal are extremely important to not only success but just day-to-day functioning. First leadership must be put in place then a change of policy can be put into place. There must be consistent with the chain of command where both the product and the use of the product are concerned. Everyone must have the same perception of the organization's objective. By having a trusting, open door policy with people creates an atmosphere of safety where communication can take place. Also another idea is to have a program of due diligence where people back each other up and support each other through periods of conflict. This will enable teams to have not just one chain but multiple chains of communications where information is double-checked and triple checked before put into use. This will ensure that any new issues or mistakes are found and addressed before they are put into real-world situations. This can also lead to teams thinking outside the box to create new innovative ideas to fix the problems. By building this type of culture, allows the organization to maintain a high level of integrity with the public but to also remain competitive within the market. The implications of doing business in today's world means constantly being open-minded and remaining comfortable knowing that not every day is same. Some people cannot work in such conditions. As Stephen Robbins (2001) comments, â€Å"As humans, we are creatures of habit. Changes substitute ambiguity and uncertainty for the known† (p. 546). People, by human nature, inherently resist change. Management may find older employees are more loyal but have a harder time embracing new ideas like the Internet because they remember the old days. This resistance to change can result in conflict but it also creates opportunities for innovation. The practice of innovation also begins with embracing or adopting the unexpected. Peter Drucker (1998) describes, â€Å"unexpected successes and failures are such productive sources of innovation opportunities because most business dismiss them, disregard them, and even resent them† (p. 3) and this type of behavior represents people's resistance to change but at the same time creates recognition of new opportunities within the market. Change in the global market, including multicultural demographics and new technologies, has required perceptions to change. The attitude toward knowledge has evolved because more than one type is needed in order to implement a new idea. This changes the needs of workers and organizations as diffusion of innovation takes place as many different points of view are considered. This adds value as it spawns creative thinking but it must also fall within economic reality. It is important to carry out a detailed implementation but also to remain on budget and schedule. The concept of innovation brings up other implications, however. It produces a whole new reality that employees may not be prepared to handle. Product diversification could mean failure. Technology, while it is wondrous and makes jobs easier, can also be dangerous. With telecommunications, a new breed of crime has been created with identity theft and corporate brand protection becoming important. Technology can be disastrous if put in the wrong hands. Antibiotics used to cure infections have saved numerous lives while there is a continued threat of biological weapons of mass destruction. With innovations come new inventions that make our lives easier but also have a higher risk when used. This is the nature of the realm of possibility. This can backfire as it can also destroy and impose new rules of conduct upon communities. As much as many like the idea of innovation, for those scared of change, it is difficult o embrace fully. This means as change rapidly flourishes out of control, those resistant aim to gain control of laws and rules to make change more difficult. This leads to Big Brother watching every public move and return to conservative leadership. One can look to the events of recent months to see the value of Bill Clinton's leadership. He has not retreated from the limelight but instead applied his passion and hope for people in his daily life of action by carrying on his role as a leader. Rather it be his participation in aiding Tsunami victims or right here at home, recent victims of Katrina, he continues his objective of serving the people of the United States. This communicates to us that he cares. Panetta (2001) reflects. â€Å"only in crisis is a president fully tested as to what part of his character will prevail† (p. 6). He may have failed many times but he also used failure as a positive means to evolve as a better man and leader for today's people and their needs. His ability to reach the every day man still defines his leadership power. This paper explored key elements that build a foundation for leadership. Two main attributes discussed in this paper is the ability to effectively communicate and display emotional intelligence. This brings into focus other skills needed to manage the day to day conflict and corporate environment of today's changing business world. Not only is leadership a key to success and a reflection of the organization's cultural values but it is group of skills needed. This paper also discussed how leadership skills have implications and define the work environment for employees. It discussed how leaders must be mindful of change agents and possible outcomes due to innovation and new technologies available. In this respect, the workplace is constantly evolving and without leadership as a framework, the organization would be motivated or able to communicate and teams would dissolve. In order for an organization to carry on success, it must turn to role models in the community for inspiration. Rather these role models be present within the culture is important but inherently, people will look around them to leadership already within the framework. This means looking to American culture for such leadership models. It can be continuously debated rather or not the most important leader in the world is effective. This person falls under tremendous scrutiny and accountability. The President of the United States must lead by example and be active in their leadership but one aspect of leadership that must be understood is that people are human and they err in the human way, nor are they perfect. As a role model, this paper looked at organizational examples of effective leadership skills but also examined the leadership of Bill Clinton. It is important in leadership to embrace change and stick to a vision. By having Emotional Intelligence one can â€Å"recogise the physical and mental signs of our feelings/emotions before we can act on them meaningfully and constructively† (Eby Ruin par. 20). It is by recognizing these attributes that one can build an effective team structure. A leader acts as a coach to not only reinforce the game plan with directions but also encourage creativity, new ideas and acquiring new skills. Foundations for Leadership include: effective communication, motivation and team building. In order to better understand leadership, we must look for role models within the organization but also outside to society. The President of the United States can be considered the ultimate definition of leadership but can he live up to the standard? This allows an organization to build a value system where the foundations of leadership are prized and seen as tools for success. And in order to survive in the business world, leadership and its foundations must be valued by the organization.